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While reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) technology shows great promise for wireless communication, an adversary using such technology can threaten wireless performance. This paper explores an RIS-based attack on time-division duplex (TDD) based wireless systems that use channel reciprocity for physical layer key generation (PLKG). We demonstrate that deploying a non-reciprocal RIS with a non-symmetric "beyond diagonal" (BD) phase shift matrix can compromise channel reciprocity and thus break key consistency. The attack can be achieved without transmission of signal energy, channel state information (CSI), and synchronization with the legitimate system, and thus it is difficult to detect and counteract. We propose a physically consistent BD-RIS model and verify the impact of its attack on the secret key rate (SKR) of the legitimate system via simulations. Moreover, we provide a heuristic approach for optimizing the BD-RIS configuration to realize a more severe attack in cases where some partial knowledge of the channel state information is available. Our results demonstrate that such channel reciprocity attacks can significantly decrease the SKR of the legitimate system. 

This innovative practice work in progress paper describes an interdisciplinary course, “Industry 4.0 Robotics,” aimed at fostering deep learning and innovation in students across Manufacturing, Robotics, Computer Science, Software Engineering, Networking, Cybersecurity, and Technology Management. The course, jointly taught by faculty from different domains, emphasizes interdisciplinary connections in Industry 4.0 (IN4.0) Robotics through a combination of lectures, real-world insights from industry guest speakers, and hands-on interdisciplinary project-based learning. The contribution of this work lies in its innovative approach that combines proven best practices in education, inspiring deep learning, and an appreciation of interdisciplinary teamwork. The course design builds upon education research on the benefits of leveraging student creativity and requirements engineering practices as learning tools that allow students to develop a deeper understanding. While the benefits of these practices, commonly cited for developing enhanced problem-solving and cognitive flexibility skills, are becoming well understood in many individual disciplines, far less has been published on best practices for achieving this in interdisciplinary thinking. This course design explores this through using hybrid experiential problem based learning and project based learning for students to develop an understanding of interdisciplinary challenges and opportunities. While the benefits of individual educational practices have been studied within specific disciplines, this work extends the understanding of these practices when applied to interdisciplinary challenges, such as those encountered in Industry 4.0 robotics. The course design aims to bridge the gap between the technical aspects of individual disciplines and the social dimensions inherent in interdisciplinary work. This work in progress seeks to share early results showcasing the benefits of interdisciplinary teamwork and problem-solving. By articulating observations of commonalities and differences with prior work within individual disciplines, the paper aims to highlight the unique advantages of this interdisciplinary learning experience, offering insights into the potential impact on student learning. The chosen approach stems from the anticipation of future challenges increasingly necessitating interdisciplinary solutions. The goal of this work is to understand how best practices from individual disciplines can be effectively incorporated into interdisciplinary courses, maximizing student learning, and uncovering unique learning outcomes resulting from this innovative approach. The course design intentionally bridges the gap between the technical aspects of individual disciplines and the social dimensions inherent in interdisciplinary work, to encourage effective communication and collaboration within mixed student teams. While this remains a work in progress, initial observations reveal a heightened interdisciplinary curiosity among students, driving deep learning as they explore the interconnectedness of their own discipline with others within their teams. This curiosity propels self-led exploration and understanding of how their expertise intersects with diverse knowledge areas, creating opportunities for innovative solutions at these disciplinary intersections. This work contributes to the broader landscape of engineering and computing education by offering insights into the practical application of interdisciplinary learning in preparing students for the complex challenges of Industry 4.0. 

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) technology can enhance the performance of wireless systems, but an ad-versary can use such technology to deteriorate communication links. This paper explores an RIS-based attack on multi-user wireless systems that require channel reciprocity for time-division duplexing (TDD). We demonstrate that deploying an RIS with a non-diagonal phase shift matrix can compromise channel reciprocity and lead to poor TDD performance. The attack can be achieved without transmission of signal energy, without channel state information (CSI), and without synchronization with the legitimate system, and thus it is difficult to detect and counteract. We provide an extensive set of simulation studies on the impact of such an attack on the achievable sum rate of the legitimate system, and we design a heuristic algorithm for optimizing the attack in cases where some partial knowledge of the CSI is available. Our results demonstrate that this channel reciprocity attack can significantly degrade the performance of the legitimate system. 

Mucosal healing is associated with better clinical outcomes in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. But the epithelial-specific contribution to mucosal healing in vivo is poorly understood. We evaluated mucosal healing in an acute dextran sulfate sodium mouse model that shows an alleviated colitis response after epithelial-specific loss of Smad4. We find that enhanced epithelial wound healing alleviates the fibrotic response. Dextran sulfate sodium caused increased mesenchymal collagen deposition—indicative of fibrosis—within a week in the WT but not in the Smad4 KO colon. The fibrotic response correlated with decreased epithelial proliferation in the WT, whereas uninterrupted proliferation and an expanded zone of proliferation were observed in the Smad4 KO colon epithelium. Furthermore, the Smad4 KO colon showed epithelial extracellular matrix alterations that promote epithelial regeneration. Our data suggest that epithelium is a key determinant of the mucosal healing response in vivo, implicating mucosal healing as a strategy against fibrosis in inflammatory bowel disease patients.